Developing nations say Japan blocks climate talks

CANCUN, Mexico, (Reuters) – Developing countries  accused Japan yesterday of breaking a pledge to extend a  U.N. pact for fighting global warming beyond 2012 and said that  climate talks in Mexico would fail unless Tokyo backed down.

Japan, among almost 40 industrialized nations curbing  greenhouse gas emissions under the United Nations’ Kyoto  Protocol until 2012, said it will not extend cuts unless other  big emitters like the United States and China also join in.

“There will be no successful outcome for Cancun” if Japan  sticks to its refusal to extend cuts under Kyoto, said Abdulla  Alsaidi, the chair of the group of 77 and China, the main body  of developing nations at the two-week talks in Mexico.

Nearly 200 nations are trying to draft a modest package to  help avert floods, droughts, heatwaves and rising seas. But  Wednesday’s tensions show that hurdles remain in building trust  between rich and poor countries since the 2009 Copenhagen  summit failed to agree a treaty.

“It does not make sense” to extend Kyoto, Hideki  Minamikawa, a deputy Japanese environment minister, told a news  conference. He said a broader deal was needed as Kyoto  countries now account for only 27 percent of heat-trapping  emissions.

“We need to achieve global reductions,” he said, adding  that Japan wanted to register all post-2012 cuts in a new deal,  building on a non-binding Copenhagen Accord agreed last year by  140 nations accounting for 80 percent of emissions.

Christiana Figueres, head of the U.N. Climate Change  Secretariat, said Japan had made similar statements in the past  and warned all sides that a clear decision on Kyoto’s fate was  not expected to be taken in Cancun.

“Given the diversity of positions on the Kyoto Protocol, it  is not going to be possible for Cancun to take a radical  decision one way or another on the Kyoto Protocol,” she said.

That means ever less time to agree on what happens to Kyoto  before its first period ends on Dec. 31, 2012.
“WILLINGNESS TO COMPROMISE”

Kyoto obliges its members to cut emissions by an average  5.2 percent below 1990 levels by 2008-2012 and they are meant  to agree new cuts.

Kyoto underpins carbon markets, which want assurances of  policies beyond 2012 to guide investments. The International  Energy Agency says $18 trillion needs to be spent by 2030 to  ensure a shift from fossil fuels toward cleaner energies.

The European Union and other Kyoto backers also want others  to join in beyond 2012 but have been less outspoken. The United  States never ratified Kyoto, arguing that it would cost U.S.  jobs and wrongly omitted 2012 targets for China and India.
Overall, Figueres said the talks were on track.
“The start is constructive, it’s positive and we have very  public expressions of the willingness to compromise,” she said  of countries including top emitters China and the United  States.

Cancun will seek a package of measures including a “green  fund” to channel aid to the poor, ways to help developing  nations adapt to the impact of climate change and efforts to  protect tropical forests that soak up carbon as they grow.

In Brazil, the government said deforestation in the Amazon  region fell to its lowest level on record, marking what could  be a watershed in the conservation of the world’s biggest  rainforest.

The government wants to showcase that it is one of the few  major economies slashing greenhouse gases, which in Brazil come  mostly from burning or rotting trees.

In Cancun, carbon market lobbyists and some countries  called for a U.N. decision to commit to continue trade in  carbon offsets under Kyoto after 2012, regardless of whether a  new climate deal is agreed.

And the United Nations urged a global phase-out of  old-style lightbulbs and a switch to low-energy lighting that  it said would save billions of dollars and combat climate  change.