Haemangiomas
Haemangiomas of the skin and soft tissues are benign proliferations (growths) that closely resemble blood vessels. Whether these are neoplasms or malformations of blood vessels is still unclear, and no scientifically acceptable criteria exist that would ensure a valid differentiation. But let’s make this very clear: a haemangioma is a benign (non-cancerous) group of cells which normally line the blood vessels. These cells could multiply at an abnormally fast rate producing this unsightly condition.
We usually encounter haemangiomas in dogs (and sometimes in cats) on their trunks and extremities. Some breeds like Boxers and Airedales and some Setters and Terriers seem predisposed to this ailment.
Usually a haemangioma would present itself as a single or multiple, circumscribed, often compressible reddish-blackish nodule. Sometimes this ‘bump’ becomes ulcerated. Usually its appearance is like a blister that is filled with blood. Haemangiomas are sometimes called ‘strawberry marks,’ because the surface may look a bit like the skin of a strawberry. Actually, the most common haemangioma is the ‘birth mark’ in humans.
These type of tumours are not life-threatening, but because they ulcerate and can grow to be quite large they should be surgically removed. Also, who wishes to have a skin blister/ulcer, especially if there is the involvement of oozing blood?
How are haemangiomas treated?
The surface of the haemangioma is delicate and can get dry. A thin layer of Vaseline smeared gently over the top of the haemangioma twice a day can stop it drying out.
In most cases, haemangiomas just need looking after carefully.
As the blood vessels in a haemangioma are so near the surface of the skin, they can bleed if they are scratched. It is important to keep the dog’s nails cut short and buffed smooth, so that they don’t stretch the surface of the haemangioma.
If the haeemangioma starts to bleed, apply pressure over it with a clean handkerchief, cloth or tissue for at least five minutes. If blood soaks through the handkerchief, cloth or tissue, put another one on top and keep up the pressure. Do not take it off to have a look as this could start the bleeding again. This gives you time to get to your vet.
Haemangiomas, especially in white haired dogs, need protection from the sun. Therefore, shade facilities for dogs generally, and for those with haemangiomas in particular must be provided.
Ulcerated haemangiomas
Occasionally, haemangiomas can form an open sore or ulcer, which is painful. Ulcers can become infected, so a visit to the vet is important, as infected ulcerated areas may need treatment with antibiotics.
Haemangiomas that are around the mouth, in natural folds of skin, like the armpit, ear and neck, are most likely to become ulcerated. This is often due to the friction of the two surfaces of skin rubbing together.
An ulcerated haemangioma will need special attention until it heals. Keep the area clean by washing it twice a day, preferably in a bath or by pouring water over the area, and leaving it to dry naturally. Once the area is dry, cover the whole haemangioma with non-sticky dressing which your vet will apply or advise you how to apply.
Some areas of the body are more difficult to apply dressings to than others. Really it is a job for technically competent and trained personnel.
Antibiotics are recommended when an infection of an ulcerated haemangioma is diagnosed. Those are usually given in the form of a cream or ointment to put directly on the ulcerated area, but widespread infection may need antibiotics in the form of a liquid as well.
Sometimes, surgery is the only real option for getting rid of a haemangioma, especially the ulcerated ones. Don’t be afraid to accept this intervention.
Next week we will address haematomas – another example of a surface tumour.
