HOUSTON/NEW YORK, (Reuters) – Venezuela, struggling to pay for essential items such as food and medicine amid strict foreign currency controls, may have failed to collect about a third of its potential oil revenue in 2014, a Reuters analysis suggests.
The OPEC member nation likely realized just over $50 billion in oil revenue in 2014, according to an analysis of publicly available data and estimates based upon past performances of Venezuela’s oil sector.
But as a result of generous financing mechanisms to allied nations through cooperation agreements and imports of crude oil and various products, Venezuela potentially deprived itself of about $24 billion in oil revenue last year, the analysis suggests.
An exact figure for both realized and deprived revenues is unavailable given the absence of specific data from Venezuela’s state-owned oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA), and the government.
Accompanying this story is an interactive calculator allowing users to input their own estimates for some of these unknown elements.
The fact that the country holds the world’s largest proven crude reserves has generally persuaded investors that it can afford to service its debts, in spite of Caracas’ rhetoric lambasting capitalist imperialism.
That confidence is eroding amid the collapse in oil prices and the crumbling of the state-led economic model, resulting in prices on sovereign and quasi-sovereign U.S. dollar-denominated debt dropping to levels typically associated with a default.
Analysts have found it increasingly difficult to square how PDVSA will bring in enough revenue to meet its obligations, given its underinvestment in production operations that jeopardize oil output.
Venezuela’s practice of subsidizing the cost of gasoline for domestic consumption for less than it costs to produce, as well as agreements to ship oil under barter pacts to Cuba or relaxed credits to other Caribbean nations, hurts the flow of revenue to the government.
China has loaned Venezuela more than $50 billion since 2007, to be repaid with crude oil and product shipments.
Nearly half of that amount has been paid off, including about $14.5 billion worth of oil last year, according to the Reuters analysis.
Venezuela and China agreed to change the terms for its debt repayment starting in the fourth quarter of last year, implying fewer barrels were being sent to pay off its debt to Beijing.
However, the renegotiated deal with China late last year and adjustments to its barter and/or relaxed credit agreements with Cuba and other Caribbean nations create uncertainty as to how much money Venezuela has been finally collecting in recent months.
The government said in 2013 it received $9.6 billion back from the China Development bank, which was added to its coffers.
This money represented the difference between the negotiated price on the oil and the real market price paid by China. PDVSA has not yet released its audited 2014 financial results that contain this figure, making a definitive calculation impossible.
In the case of Petrocaribe and other bilateral agreements, the balance of crude oil and products sent in 2014 assumes a 19 percent drop in volume, as indicated in preliminary figures delivered by PDVSA and the Petroleum Ministry to the Venezuelan Congress in January.
PDVSA did not respond to requests from Reuters for comments on the analysis nor to specific questions on the Chinese loans and adjustments to the Petrocaribe program.
