Kanaima: fear, lore and literature

Mark McWatt

      Kanaima / Tiger

(for Richard and David)

 

In the darkest middle of the rubber walk

where the interweave of overhanging branches

was thick above the road, the four schoolboys

walking home (loitering in the roadside bush,

collecting shiny rubber seeds in their wooden pods)

suddenly stopped – movement, talk, breath,

all stopped: for there in the road, yards ahead,

stood a black tiger. He had appeared out of nowhere.

When I first saw him he was simply there; his cold

green eyes looked straight at us, four human statues

with shoulder-slung bookbags and gaping mouths.

He looked long, then turned his head and strode

into the bush on the other side of the road.

 

It was the first time any of us had seen

a black tiger. For the next two weeks they sent

the Land Rover to collect us after school,

making of the magical rubber walk

a ninety second blur of dark green gloom

incensed with the damp smell of leaves. But

we were soon walking again, collecting rubber

seeds and daring each other to step

into the undergrowth and enter the darker

realm of the tiger. “It wasn’t a tiger,”

Jude Santiago had said, the day after we saw it;

“remember how he watch at we and think?

My father say tigers don’t think. Was

Kanaima. Kanaima was looking for somebody:

lucky it wasn’t we.” And he was right,

the creature did look at us and think.

So it was Kanaima . . . And yet something

in my head made Jude’s dark certainty

impossible for me. My father was certain

it wasn’t Kanaima; Jude was certain that it was,

and mine was that painful uncertainty

that helped define my childhood plight:

Caught between their “wrong” and our “right”.

 

Now time and distance have tamed the memory,

and the fear has drained away: I have

long since learned to say “jaguar” instead of

“tiger” (in contexts where that kind of accuracy

matters). But whenever I rummage in the deepest

drawer of childhood memories, I still

cannot decide whether it was tiger or Kanaima

that looked hard at us that day, that

found us wanting and calmly walked away.

 

Mark McWatt (The Journey to Le Repentir)

Mark McWatt’s footnote to the poem declares that “‘Kanaima’ in Amerindian lore, is an avenging spirit that can assume any form it wants as it moves through the forest in pursuit of its human victims.” As we reflect in the month of September on the Amerindian Heritage in Guyana, various works of literature will come to mind in which the concept of Kanaima is treated. The treatment is quite different in each, giving the impression that these writers have different ideas about what Kanaima is. When we include the oral literature in this study, variations increase, strengthening the perceived notion that there are various unreconciled ideas that exist in the inconstant realms of myth, folklore and belief.

But that is erroneous. Belief in Kanaima is unshaken, and there is little doubt as