WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Washington is seeking closer coordination with several Latin American countries to tackle a jump in migrants from Asia, Africa and the Middle East who it believes are trying to reach the United States from the south on an arduous route by plane, boat and through jungle on foot.
US agents deployed to an immigration facility on Mexico’s southern border have vetted the more than 640 migrants from countries outside the Americas who have been detained at the center since October 2015, according to US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) documents reviewed by Reuters.
The migrants often fly to Brazil, obtain fake passports there, and are smuggled to Panama before heading through Central America to Mexico’s porous southern border, according to transcripts of 14 interviews conducted at the center and other internal briefing documents seen by Reuters.
The US agents’ findings come as Mexican immigration data show 6,342 Asian, African and Middle Eastern migrants were apprehended trying to enter Mexico in the first six months of this year. That was up from 4,261 in all of 2015, and 1,831 in 2014. US border apprehensions point to the same trend. Between October 2015 and May 2016, US agents apprehended 5,350 African and Asian migrants at the US Southwest border. That’s up from 6,126 in all of fiscal year 2015 and 4,172 in all of fiscal year 2014.
US concerns about potential security risks from migrants using the unusual and circuitous southern route have been growing in recent years, following a string of Islamic State-inspired attacks in the West and the surge in Syrian refugees fleeing that country’s civil war.
Five Syrian nationals detained in Honduras last November were part of a wider group of seven Syrians who acquired forged passports in Brazil and then went by land to Argentina on their way north, a US government source familiar with that case said. There was no evidence to suggest the men were militants.
“The reality is that the vast majority of the people that Mexico encounters that are extra-continental will eventually end up on our border,” a US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) official said.
At the detention camp in Tapachula, near Mexico’s border with Guatemala, US Customs and Border Patrol agents have been training their Mexican counterparts on interview techniques, and using US criminal databases to investigate detainees, according to internal documents seen by Reuters.
Two to three US agents have been stationed there since at least October, according to the documents and US officials. Mexican officials have previously acknowledged the presence of US agents at Mexico’s southern border, but few details of the cooperation have been reported.
US Customs and Border Patrol began a pilot programme for a similar operation in Panama earlier this fiscal year, according to an internal memo sent in May that has not previously been reported. Homeland Security officials told Reuters that Panama requested US training. A spokesman for Panama’s National Migration Service said Panama accepted an offer from the US embassy for training on subjects like “defence techniques” and “management of persons.”
US proponents of the programme have pushed for a greater US footprint to build a “comprehensive intelligence picture” of migration patterns across the Colombia-Panama border, according to the memo sent in May.
Panama is leading the effort in Central America to detain illegal migrants, DHS assistant secretary for international affairs Alan Bersin told a House committee in March, but it stymied by lack of detention space and the difficulty of deporting migrants to countries with whom they have no diplomatic ties. As a result, most are released after 30 days.
Bersin acknowledged the rise in migrants from outside the Americas and the potential security threat they pose.
“While many citizens of these countries migrate for economic reasons or because they are fleeing persecution in their home countries, this group may include migrants who are affiliated with foreign terrorist organizations, intelligence agencies, and organized criminal syndicates,” Bersin told the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.
DHS has deployed additional “mentor” teams throughout South and Central America to professionalize immigration authorities and gain intelligence about potentially threatening migrants, said DHS officials, who declined to specify which countries host US agents.
Another DHS official said the agency is asking Brazil through diplomatic channels to put a stop to fake passport manufacturing. Brazilian officials did not respond to Reuters’ request for comment.
The US Customs and Border Patrol, a unit of DHS, is “actively working to enhance regional collaboration with border and customs authorities from Mexico all the way down to Argentina,” a DHS official said.
The apprehension documents from the Tapachula centre show how migrants are willing and able to pay thousands of dollars to obtain flights and fake passports and then make grueling journeys on buses, boats and on foot.
It was not clear how many of those apprehended at the centre were deported, claimed asylum or simply released.
Several of the 14 migrants — in testimony given from May 18-23 this year — said they paid more than $10,000 to smugglers, walked for days through jungles, and were temporarily detained by various countries before being stopped in Tapachula. Six of the men — who included Pakistanis, Syrians and Afghans— had obtained fake passports, claiming to be from Israel, Morocco, Belgium or Britain.
In Panama, several of the men said they were kept in a migration detention camp for about a month. From Panama, the migrants described travelling in larger groups, sometimes as many as 50 men.
One Pakistani national — whose identity US officials asked not to be revealed because he is still under investigation — told US and Mexican officials that he paid a smuggler in Pakistan $9,000 to be smuggled to Brazil where he received a fake Belgian passport.
In Brazil, he paid $4,000 to a woman to be taken on bus, boat and on foot across Colombia and into Panama.
