SHANGHAI/BEIJING (Reuters) – Beijing today blasted the launch of a probe by the European Commission into China’s electric vehicle (EV) subsidies as protectionist and warned it would damage economic relations, a concern shared by Germany’s car industry.
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced the investigation yesterday, accusing China of flooding global markets with electric cars that had artificially low prices because of huge state subsidies.
The probe, which could result in punitive tariffs, has prompted analyst warnings of retaliatory action from Beijing and complaints from Chinese industry executives who say the sector’s competitive advantage was not due to subsidies.
The investigation “is a naked protectionist act that will seriously disrupt and distort the global automotive industry and supply chain, including the EU, and will have a negative impact on China-EU economic and trade relations,” China’s Ministry of Commerce said in a statement.
“China will pay close attention to the EU’s protectionist tendencies and follow-up actions, and firmly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese companies,” it added.
Eurasian Group analysts warned that should Brussels ultimately levy duties against subsidized Chinese EVs, Beijing would likely impose countermeasures to hurt European industries.
The EU’s imposition of tariffs will depend on the degree of unity within the European Union. A decade ago Germany, wary of retaliation, opposed tariffs on Chinese solar panel imports, paving the way for a compromise with Beijing.
By contrast, German Economy Minister Robert Habeck said on Wednesday he welcomed the EU’s action.
Germany’s car industry, conscious that a trade war could hit its business in China, was more circumspect.
Mercedes Benz MBGn.DE said protectionist measures were counterproductive and Bosch, the world’s largest automotive supplier, said a race for punitive tariffs and trade barriers would only have losers.
“Chinese distortions of competition are a particular problem that Europe should tackle, but if possible not with excessive subsidies or new punitive tariffs at the end of a lengthy process,” said Volker Treier, head of trade at the German Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DIHK)
Some analysts said the probe should not pose a big risk for Chinese EV makers because they could turn to other growing markets like Southeast Asia.
The manufacturers have been accelerating export efforts as slowing consumer demand in China exacerbates production overcapacity.
Hong Kong-listed shares of Chinese EV makers pared initial losses, with market leader BYD 1211.HK closing down 1.2%. Smaller rivals Geely Auto 0175.HK and Nio 9866.HK fell 0.5% and 0.9%, respectively. Xpeng 9868.HK reversed losses to rise 0.4%.
Shanghai-listed shares of state-owned car giant SAIC 600104.SS, whose MG brand is the best-selling China-made brand in Europe, closed down 0.3%.
Nio and Geely declined to comment on the EU probe, while BYD, Xpeng and SAIC did not respond to requests for comment.
Shares in European carmakers were also among the biggest fallers on the euro zone stock index .STOXXE50. BMW BMWG.DE, Volkswagen VOWG_p.DE, Mercedes MBGn.DE and Stellantis STLAM.MI were down by between 0.7% and 1.6% at 1100 GMT.
STRAINED RELATIONS
The anti-subsidy probe, initiated unusually by the European Commission and not from any industry complaint, comes amid broader diplomatic strains between the EU and China.
Relations have become tense due to Beijing’s ties with Moscow after Russian forces swept into Ukraine, and the EU’s push to rely less on the world’s second-largest economy, which is also its No.1 trading partner.
The EV probe will set the tone for bilateral talks ahead of the annual China-EU Summit, due to take place before year-end, with EU demands for broader access to the Chinese market and a rebalancing of trade. EU trade chief Valdis Dombrovskis will travel to China later this month.
Cui Dongshu, the secretary general of the China Passenger Car Association, urged the EU on his personal WeChat account on Thursday to take an objective view of the industry’s development and not “arbitrarily use” economic or trade tools.
The price of China-made cars exported to Europe is generally almost double the price they sell for in China, he added.
Underscoring challenges facing established European automakers, Volkswagen VOWG_p.DE is looking at cutting staff at its all-electric plant in eastern Germany due to lower than expected EV demand, the dpa news agency reported on Wednesday.
GROWING MARKET SHARE
EU officials believe Chinese EVs are undercutting the prices of local models by about 20% in the European market, piling pressure on European automakers to produce lower-cost EVs.
The European Commission said China’s share of EVs sold in Europe had risen to 8% and could reach 15% in 2025.
In 2022, 35% of all exported electric cars originated from China, according to U.S. think-tank the Center for Strategic and Internal Studies (CSIS), with most destined for Europe.
The single largest exporter from China is U.S. giant Tesla TSLA.O, CSIS data showed. It accounted for 40.25% of EV exports from China between January and April 2023.