Oppressed people will always resist. The apartheid Israeli occupation and killing of thousands of Palestinians living in open air prisons since 1967 explains, although it does not justify, the atrocities of October 7. It also explains the militant resistance of Hezbollah which was formed to resist apartheid Israel’s war on Lebanon and occupation of southern Lebanon for eighteen years until expelled in 2000. The Sabra and Shatila massacres of hundreds of Palestinians by Christian militias, protected by the Israeli army, destruction of Beirut, and killing of thousands of Lebanese, were the product of apartheid Israel’s war on Lebanon and the Palestinians. It is the ominous threat of apartheid Israel that has sustained Hezbollah as a force to defend Lebanon.